Avant 2014

Articles

• The practice and politics of food system localization
  3 novembre 2021, par Mathilde COUDRAY

  As an apparent counterpoint to globalization, food system localization is often assumed to be a good, progressive and desirable process. Such thinking rests on a local–global binary that merits closer scrutiny. This paper examines the social construction of “local”, by analyzing the practice and politics of food system localization efforts in Iowa, USA. It argues that desirable social or environmental outcomes may not always map neatly onto the spatial content of “local”, which itself involves the social construction of scale. These contradictions in turn relate to differing political inflections discernible in food system localization. Localization can be approached defensively, emphasizing the boundaries and distinctions between a culturally and socially homogeneous locality needing protection from non-local “others”. But through the experience of new social and gustatory exchanges, localization can also promote increased receptivity to difference and diversity. More emergent, fluid and inclusive notions of the “local”, however, may challenge the very project of crafting and maintaining distinctive food identities for local places. These themes are explored through a case study of food system localization efforts and activities in Iowa, an American state that has been a stronghold of conventional commodity agriculture. Demographic and agricultural histories are drawn on to understand recent food system localization practice that has come to emphasize a definition of “local” that coincides with sub-national state boundaries. The emergence and popularization of the “Iowa-grown banquet meal” and the shifting meaning of “local Iowa food” further illustrate the potential tension between defensiveness and diversity in food system localization.

• Power at the table : food fights and happy meals
  26 octobre 2021, par Mathilde COUDRAY

  In family meals the normative and the performative are very far apart—though everyone likes to think of the family table as a place of harmony and solidarity, it is often the scene for the exercise of power and authority, a place where conflict prevails. My interest in this topic was sparked by research on middle-class parents’ struggles with their “picky eater” children. Besides narrating the way the dinner table became battleground with their own children, many parents also recalled their own childhood family meals as painful and difficult. From this very narrow focus on family struggles, I expand the discussion to the larger question of why this topic is relatively ignored in social science, and I question the sources of the normative power of the family “happy meal.” The ideological emphasis on family dinners has displaced social responsibility from public institutions to private lives, and the construction of normative family performances is part of a process that constructs different family types as deviant and delinquent.

• Le mangeur hypermoderne
  26 octobre 2021, par Mathilde COUDRAY

  Le micro-ondes et les portions individuelles, le péché de gourmandise, l’anorexie et l’obésité épidémiques, les McDo’s, le slow-food, le fooding, le traiteur à domicile, la gastronomie moléculaire : autant d’objets, de faits et de pratiques sociales qui révèlent les traits propres à la société contemporaine. Après ses travaux sur les villes, François Ascher poursuit son étude de la société « hypermoderne » en s’appuyant cette fois sur l’évolution des pratiques alimentaires. Il en tire des hypothèses ambitieuses et stimulantes sur le développement du modèle du restaurant, y compris à la maison, sur les relations entre sociabilité et pratiques alimentaires, sur l’émergence d’un nouveau groupe social, la « classe créative », pour laquelle la nourriture devient une question d’esthétique quotidienne, etc. Une véritable radiographie de la vie quotidienne d’aujourd’hui ; une réflexion originale sur la liberté des individus telle qu’elle s’exerce chaque jour.

• Hungry city. How food shapes our lives
  26 octobre 2021, par Mathilde COUDRAY

  How do you feed a city ? It’s a question that we rarely ask, but which lies at the core of civilisation. The feeding of cities arguably has a greater social and physical impact on us and our planet than anything else we do. Yet few of us living in modern cities are conscious of the process. Food arrives on our plates as if by magic, and we rarely stop to wonder how it might have got there.

• Should we go “home” to eat ? : toward a reflexive politics of localism
  3 novembre 2021, par Mathilde COUDRAY

  “Coming home to eat” [Nabhan, 2002. Coming Home to Eat : The Pleasures and Politics of Local Foods. Norton, New York] has become a clarion call among alternative food movement activists. Most food activist discourse makes a strong connection between the localization of food systems and the promotion of environmental sustainability and social justice. Much of the US academic literature on food systems echoes food activist rhetoric about alternative food systems as built on alternative social norms. New ways of thinking, the ethic of care, desire, realization, and vision become the explanatory factors in the creation of alternative food systems. In these norm-based explanations, the “Local” becomes the context in which this type of action works. In the European food system literature about local “value chains” and alternative food networks, localism becomes a way to maintain rural livelihoods. In both the US and European literatures on localism, the global becomes the universal logic of capitalism and the local the point of resistance to this global logic, a place where “embeddedness” can and does happen. Nevertheless, as other literatures outside of food studies show, the local is often a site of inequality and hegemonic domination. However, rather than declaim the “radical particularism” of localism, it is more productive to question an “unreflexive localism” and to forge localist alliances that pay attention to equality and social justice. The paper explores what that kind of localist politics might look like.

• Président de session
  4 janvier 2018, par Roxane

  Un des défis majeurs à venir sera de parvenir à nourrir durablement les urbains, car dans le même temps, la communauté scientifique s’accorde pour pronostiquer un avenir fait de risques de pénuries de ressources naturelles non renouvelables, liés notamment à l’urbanisation galopante.

• Alimentation et identité entre deux rives
  26 octobre 2021, par Mathilde COUDRAY

  Que l’on soit né au Maroc ou en France de parents marocains, l’alimentation occupe une place centrale dans le tissage du lien avec ses origines réelles, rêvées ou mythiques. À travers l’analyse de récits de vie de Marocains vivant en France, il s’agit de comprendre comment l’alimentation nourrit les constructions identitaires, individuelles et collectives, comment elle intervient dans la construction de sentiments d’appartenance et d’intégration, et comment elle permet à l’esprit et au corps de s’amarrer à un ici ou à un ailleurs.

• Technological transitions as evolutionary reconfiguration processes : a multi-level perspective and a case-study
  23 novembre 2021, par Mathilde COUDRAY

  This paper addresses the question of how technological transitions (TT) come about ? Are there particular patterns and mechanisms in transition processes ? TT are defined as major, long-term technological changes in the way societal functions are fulfilled. TT do not only involve changes in technology, but also changes in user practices, regulation, industrial networks, infrastructure, and symbolic meaning or culture. This paper practices ‘appreciative theory’ [R.R. Nelson, S.G. Winter, An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change, Bellknap Press, Cambridge, MA, 1982] and brings together insights from evolutionary economics and technology studies. This results in a multi-level perspective on TT where two views of the evolution are combined : (i) evolution as a process of variation, selection and retention, (ii) evolution as a process of unfolding and reconfiguration. The perspective is empirically illustrated with a qualitative longitudinal case-study, the transition from sailing ships to steamships, 1780–1900. Three particular mechanisms in TT are described : niche-cumulation, technological add-on and hybridisation, riding along with market growth.

• Global food losses and food waste – Extent, causes and prevention
  3 novembre 2021, par Mathilde COUDRAY

  The study highlights the losses occurring along the entire food chain, and makes assessments of their magnitude. Further, it identifies causes of food losses and possible ways of preventing them.

• Conférence inaugurale, Alimentation durable : un bien partagé
  27 janvier 2012, par Clarisse

  Sous l’influence conjuguée de l’évolution des modes de vie, de la concentration et de la financiarisation de l’industrie agroalimentaire et de la distribution, le modèle alimentaire industriel de masse, qui tend à devenir dominant, répond de moins en moins aux enjeux de durabilité. Dès lors se pose la question de savoir comment faire de l’alimentation durable un « bien commun ».