Avant 2014

Articles

• Urban governance for food security : the alternative food system in Belo Horizonte
  23 novembre 2021, par Mathilde COUDRAY

  With a population of 2.5 million people, the city of Belo Horizonte, Brazil, is a world pioneer in tackling food consumption, distribution and production as components of an integrated urban policy for food security. The paper gives a description of the main programmes and features of this policy arguing that over 15 years the city and its Municipal Secretariat for Food Policy and Supply have built a particular alternative food system. Marked by the comprehensive scope of its programmes ; its urban/rural focus ; the flexibility of the initiatives and, above all, by its commitment to social justice and equitable access to food, Belo Horizonte has developed a distinct mode of governance for food security. The unique ‘alterity’ of this food system is set further apart from those being attempted in Europe and in North America because it is government-driven. The paper discusses its strengths and current challenges.

• Sécurité alimentaire : un objectif hors d’atteinte ?
  27 janvier 2012, par Clarisse

  Beaucoup reconnaissent aujourd’hui que l’objectif du Millénaire pour le développement des Nations unies, qui visait à réduire de moitié entre 1990 et 2015 la proportion de personnes sous-alimentées dans le monde, est désormais hors de portée.

• Sociologies de l’alimentation
  27 octobre 2021, par Mathilde COUDRAY

  « La façon dont les hommes conçoivent la satisfaction de leurs besoins alimentaires ne saurait se réduire à de strictes logiques utilitaires ou technologiques. L’alimentation a une fonction structurante de l’organisation sociale d’un groupe humain. Qu’il s’agisse des activités de production, de distribution, de préparation, de consommation, elle est un objet crucial du savoir socio-anthropologique. »

• Charlas culinarias : Mexican women speak from their public kitchens
  3 novembre 2021, par Mathilde COUDRAY

  By exploring how working-class Mexican women transform their home cooking abilities into an economic resource to support themselves and their families, this paper looks at the philosophical approach women give to their entrepreneurial efforts.

• Président de session
  4 janvier 2018, par Roxane

  Un des défis majeurs à venir sera de parvenir à nourrir durablement les urbains, car dans le même temps, la communauté scientifique s’accorde pour pronostiquer un avenir fait de risques de pénuries de ressources naturelles non renouvelables, liés notamment à l’urbanisation galopante.

• De la hausse des prix au retour du « productionnisme » agricole : les enjeux du sommet sur la sécurité alimentaire de juin 2008 à Rome
  3 novembre 2021, par Mathilde COUDRAY

  En mai 2007, la rumeur de la création d’un nouveau gouvernement français sans ministère de l’Agriculture courait. Celui-ci serait éventuellement relégué au rang de secrétariat d’État. Le rapport annuel de la Banque mondiale sur le développement dans le monde sortait six mois plus tard, consacré à l’agriculture. Il dénonçait l’abandon dont ce secteur avait fait l’objet depuis plus de vingt ans. La part consacrée au secteur agricole dans l’aide publique au développement était ainsi passée de 11,5 à 3,9 milliards de dollars entre 1987 et 2005. En moins d’un an, les manifestations populaires et les émeutes que la flambée des prix a provoquées auront réussi à bouleverser l’agenda politique international et à replacer l’agriculture dans les débats internationaux. Revenir sur cet emballement médiatique et tenter de prendre du recul sur l’enchaînement des événements ne vise pas à dénoncer cette nouvelle priorité. Mais ce retour de balancier porte en lui de nouveaux risques qui pourraient bien conduire, si l’on n’y prend garde, à provoquer demain d’autres crises alimentaires.

• The practice and politics of food system localization
  3 novembre 2021, par Mathilde COUDRAY

  As an apparent counterpoint to globalization, food system localization is often assumed to be a good, progressive and desirable process. Such thinking rests on a local–global binary that merits closer scrutiny. This paper examines the social construction of “local”, by analyzing the practice and politics of food system localization efforts in Iowa, USA. It argues that desirable social or environmental outcomes may not always map neatly onto the spatial content of “local”, which itself involves the social construction of scale. These contradictions in turn relate to differing political inflections discernible in food system localization. Localization can be approached defensively, emphasizing the boundaries and distinctions between a culturally and socially homogeneous locality needing protection from non-local “others”. But through the experience of new social and gustatory exchanges, localization can also promote increased receptivity to difference and diversity. More emergent, fluid and inclusive notions of the “local”, however, may challenge the very project of crafting and maintaining distinctive food identities for local places. These themes are explored through a case study of food system localization efforts and activities in Iowa, an American state that has been a stronghold of conventional commodity agriculture. Demographic and agricultural histories are drawn on to understand recent food system localization practice that has come to emphasize a definition of “local” that coincides with sub-national state boundaries. The emergence and popularization of the “Iowa-grown banquet meal” and the shifting meaning of “local Iowa food” further illustrate the potential tension between defensiveness and diversity in food system localization.

• The place of food : mapping out the ‘local’ in local food systems
  3 novembre 2021, par Mathilde COUDRAY

  ‘Local food systems’ movements, practices, and writings pose increasingly visible structures of resistance and counter-pressure to conventional globalizing food systems. The place of food seems to be the quiet centre of the discourses emerging with these movements. The purpose of this paper is to identify issues of ‘place’, which are variously described as the ‘local’and ‘community’ in the local food systems literature, and to do so in conjunction with the geographic discussion focused on questions and meanings around these spatial concepts. I see raising the profile of questions, complexity and potential of these concepts as an important role and challenge for the scholar-advocate in the realm of local food systems, and for geographers sorting through them. Both literatures benefit from such a foray. The paper concludes, following a ‘cautiously normative’ tone, that there is strong argument for emplacing our food systems, while simultaneously calling for careful circumspection and greater clarity regarding how we delineate and understand the ‘local’. Being conscious of the constructed nature of the ‘local’, ‘community’ and ‘place’ means seeing the importance of local social, cultural and ecological particularity in our everyday worlds, while also recognizing that we are reflexively and dialectially tied to many and diverse locals around the world.

• Alimentation durable : un bien partagé ?
  27 janvier 2012, par Clarisse

  Le diagnostic de la situation alimentaire mondiale est très préoccupant : la FAO estime que deux milliards d’individus souffrent de la faim ou de carences alimentaires sévères et, selon les statistiques de l’Organisation mondiale de la santé, environ un milliard de personnes seraient atteintes d’obésité.
  Cette situation est aggravée par l’augmentation des prix des denrées alimentaires et par de nouvelles contraintes posées aux systèmes agraires : changements climatiques, spéculation financière, concurrence avec les biocarburants, etc.

• Should we go “home” to eat ? : toward a reflexive politics of localism
  3 novembre 2021, par Mathilde COUDRAY

  “Coming home to eat” [Nabhan, 2002. Coming Home to Eat : The Pleasures and Politics of Local Foods. Norton, New York] has become a clarion call among alternative food movement activists. Most food activist discourse makes a strong connection between the localization of food systems and the promotion of environmental sustainability and social justice. Much of the US academic literature on food systems echoes food activist rhetoric about alternative food systems as built on alternative social norms. New ways of thinking, the ethic of care, desire, realization, and vision become the explanatory factors in the creation of alternative food systems. In these norm-based explanations, the “Local” becomes the context in which this type of action works. In the European food system literature about local “value chains” and alternative food networks, localism becomes a way to maintain rural livelihoods. In both the US and European literatures on localism, the global becomes the universal logic of capitalism and the local the point of resistance to this global logic, a place where “embeddedness” can and does happen. Nevertheless, as other literatures outside of food studies show, the local is often a site of inequality and hegemonic domination. However, rather than declaim the “radical particularism” of localism, it is more productive to question an “unreflexive localism” and to forge localist alliances that pay attention to equality and social justice. The paper explores what that kind of localist politics might look like.