Miriam Bertran, Université autonome métropolitaine de Mexico - Les comportements d’abondance et l’excès de consommation de graisses animales, sucre et sel, partout dans le monde, induisent une augmentation des maladies non transmissibles (maladies cardiovasculaires, diabète de type 2 et obésité). Avec le développement de ces pathologies, et la volonté de les prévenir, on observe une forme de médicalisation de l’alimentation (y compris dans les situations de sous-nutrition), qui renouvelle de manière importante les relations entre alimentation, santé et bien-être.
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Biologique
Articles
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Mexique, méfiance et incertitude dans la lutte contre l’obésité et la sous-alimentation
29 janvier 2016, par Clarisse -
Diversité agricole, diversité de l’alimentation et santé en situation d’urgence
29 janvier 2016, par ClarisseFélicité Tchibindat, Unicef, Cameroun - Les comportements d’abondance et l’excès de consommation de graisses animales, sucre et sel, partout dans le monde, induisent une augmentation des maladies non transmissibles (maladies cardiovasculaires, diabète de type 2 et obésité). Avec le développement de ces pathologies, et la volonté de les prévenir, on observe une forme de médicalisation de l’alimentation (y compris dans les situations de sous-nutrition), qui renouvelle de manière importante les relations entre alimentation, santé et bien-être.
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Ultra-processed products are becoming dominant in the global food system
26 octobre 2021, par Mathilde COUDRAYThe relationship between the global food system and the worldwide rapid increase of obesity and related diseases is not yet well understood. A reason is that the full impact of industrialized food processing on dietary patterns, including the environments of eating and drinking, remains overlooked and underestimated. Many forms of food processing are beneficial. But what is identified and defined here as ultra-processing, a type of process that has become increasingly dominant, at first in high-income countries, and now in middle-income countries, creates attractive, hyper-palatable, cheap, ready-to-consume food products that are characteristically energy-dense, fatty, sugary or salty and generally obesogenic. In this study, the scale of change in purchase and sales of ultra-processed products is examined and the context and implications are discussed. Data come from 79 high- and middle-income countries, with special attention to Canada and Brazil. Results show that ultra-processed products dominate the food supplies of high-income countries, and that their consumption is now rapidly increasing in middle-income countries. It is proposed here that the main driving force now shaping the global food system is transnational food manufacturing, retailing and fast food service corporations whose businesses are based on very profitable, heavily promoted ultra-processed products, many in snack form.
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20/ Does weight status increase vulnerability to the food environment?
16 September 2022, by Mathilde COUDRAY– Marine Mas, UMR CSGA, INRAE, Dijon, France Stéphanie Chambaron, UMR CSGA, INRAE, Dijon, France Marie-Claude Brindisi, CHU Bourgogne, Dijon, France
Key points All individuals tend to “go towards” food automatically, especially food that is energy-dense. This potentially explains the obesogenic effect of the Western food environment. Some individuals have a cognitive vulnerability to the food environment. This vulnerability is driven by more than conscious factors, and challenges the “lack of (...) -
N°6/ Plaisirs sensoriels et pleine conscience, les alliés d’une alimentation plus saine
5 décembre 2017, par RoxaneLe thermomètre affiche 30 °C, vous avez soif et vous vous délectez en imaginant boire une limonade bien fraîche. En effet, les mêmes aires du cerveau s’activent que vous la buviez réellement, que vous imaginiez le faire ou que vous observiez quelqu’un d’autre le faire.
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How the microbiome challenges our concept of self
26 octobre 2021, par Mathilde COUDRAYToday, the three classical biological explanations of the individual self––the immune system, the brain, the genome––are being challenged by the new field of microbiome research. Evidence shows that our resident microbes orchestrate the adaptive immune system, influence the brain, and contribute more gene functions than our own genome. The realization that humans are not individual, discrete entities but rather the outcome of ever-changing interactions with microorganisms has consequences beyond the biological disciplines. In particular, it calls into question the assumption that distinctive human traits set us apart from all other animals––and therefore also the traditional disciplinary divisions between the arts and the sciences.
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Vers de nouvelles sources de protéines
5 janvier 2018, par RoxaneMarie-Hélène SANIEZ-DEGRAVE, directrice Nutrition du groupe Roquette - Que nous disent les pratiques et mouvements alimentaires d’hier ? Remontée aux sources préhistoriques de notre alimentation, en passant par les disettes du Moyen-Âge et les « métissages culinaires » en Amérique latine. Puis anticipation sur les alimentations de demain en termes de nouveaux produits, de nouveaux usages, et d’innovations technologiques.
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Dietary diversity as a household food security indicator
3 novembre 2021, par Mathilde COUDRAYHousehold food security is an important measure of well-being. Although it may not encapsulate all dimensions of poverty, the inability of households to obtain access to enough food for an active, healthy life is surely an important component of their poverty. Accordingly, devising an appropriate measure of food security outcomes is useful in order to identify the food insecure, assess the severity of their food shortfall, characterize the nature of their insecurity (for example, seasonal versus chronic), predict who is most at risk of future hunger, monitor changes in circumstances, and assess the impact of interventions. However, obtaining detailed data on food security status—such as 24- hour recall data on caloric intakes—can be time consuming and expensive and require a high level of technical skill both in data collection and analysis. This paper examines whether an alternative indicator, dietary diversity, defined as the number of unique foods consumed over a given period of time, provides information on household food security. It draws on data from 10 countries (India, the Philippines, Mozambique, Mexico, Bangladesh, Egypt, Mali, Malawi, Ghana, and Kenya) that encompass both poor and middle-income countries, rural and urban sectors, data collected in different seasons, and data on calories acquisition obtained using two different methods. ....[D]ietary diversity would appear to show promise as a means of measuring food security and monitoring changes and impact, particularly when resources available for such measurement are scarce.
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23/ More vegetarian meals in school canteens to reconcile nutritional quality and environmental protection in France
22 November 2022, by Mathilde COUDRAY– Nicole Darmon, INRAE, UMR MoISA, Montpellier, France Romane Poinsot, MS-Nutrition, Marseille, France Florent Vieux, MS-Nutrition, Marseille, France
Key points Current French school catering regulations require at least one unground red meat meal and one vegetarian meal to be served every week. In school meals, the choice of the dish to serve as a “protein dish” has a strong influence on the environmental impact of the meal and little influence on its nutritional quality. Meals with a (...) -
N°20/ Notre statut pondéral nous rend-il plus vulnérable à l’environnement alimentaire ?
16 juin 2022, par Mathilde COUDRAYL’obésité représente une problématique de santé publique importante qui s’accompagne de conséquences socioéconomiques. L’obésité a une origine multifactorielle qui comprend des aspects environnementaux, biologiques, psychologiques et sociaux. Par ailleurs, ses conséquences impliquent des complications physiques, psychologiques et sociales au niveau individuel.